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The Old Testament Timeline

From creation to the 400 years of silence. Read it left to right, then drop to the next line, like reading a page. Select any point to open a short note and the Scripture behind it.

An eventA person or a life

1. Beginnings and the Fathers of Israel

Genesis

Creation

about 4170 BC

God speaks the heavens, the earth and everything in them into being. On the sixth day He makes the first man and woman in His image. All of it is very good.

Key verse · Genesis 1:1 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Genesis 1:1–2:3 BLB

Adam and Eve

created about 4170 BC

The first man and woman. God forms Adam from the dust and breathes life into him, makes Eve from his side, and places them in the garden. Adam lived 930 years (about 4170–3240 BC).

Key verse · Genesis 1:27 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Genesis 2:7–25 BLB

The fall

soon after creation

Adam and Eve disobey God. Sin and death enter the world, but God promises an offspring of the woman who will crush the serpent.

Key verse · Genesis 3:15 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Genesis 3:1–15 BLB

Cain and Abel

before about 4040 BC

The first murder. Sin, crouching at the door, spreads from the parents to their children.

Key verse · Genesis 4:7 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Genesis 4:1–16 BLB

Enoch

taken about 3190 BC

Enoch walked with God, and he was not, for God took him.

Key verse · Genesis 5:24 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Genesis 5:21–24 BLB

Noah and the flood

about 2520 BC

God judges a violent world and saves Noah’s family in the ark, then covenants never again to destroy the earth by flood.

Key verse · Genesis 9:11–13 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Genesis 6:5–9:17 BLB

Babel

about 2400–2200 BC

Proud people try to make a name for themselves. God confuses their language and scatters them. Genesis 10:25 places the dividing of the earth in the days of Peleg.

Key verse · Genesis 11:9 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Genesis 11:1–9 BLB

Abram called

about 2091 BC

God calls Abram to leave home and promises a land, a great nation, and blessing for all the families of the earth through him.

Key verse · Genesis 12:1–3 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Genesis 12:1–3 BLB

Isaac born

about 2066 BC

The promised son is born to Abraham and Sarah in their old age, at the time God appointed.

Key verse · Genesis 21:1–3 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Genesis 21:1–7 BLB

Jacob (Israel)

about 2006 BC

Isaac’s son wrestles with God and is renamed Israel. His twelve sons become the twelve tribes.

Key verse · Genesis 32:28 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Genesis 32:22–32 BLB

Joseph in Egypt

about 1898 BC

Sold by his brothers, Joseph rises to rule in Egypt. What they meant for evil, God meant for good.

Key verse · Genesis 50:20 (ESV)

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Israel goes to Egypt

about 1876 BC

Jacob’s family of seventy moves to Egypt during the famine. Genesis closes there, waiting on God’s promise.

Key verse · Genesis 46:3–4 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Genesis 46:1–7 BLB

The story continues on the next line ↓

2. Out of Egypt, Into the Land, Under the Kings

Exodus to 1 Kings

Moses

born about 1526 BC

Drawn from the Nile and raised in Pharaoh’s house, Moses meets God at the burning bush and is sent to lead His people out.

Key verse · Exodus 3:14 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Exodus 3:1–15 BLB

The exodus

about 1446 BC (some say about 1260 BC)

The Passover lamb, the ten plagues and the Red Sea: God redeems Israel from slavery in Egypt.

Key verse · Exodus 14:30–31 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Exodus 12:1–14:31 BLB

The Law at Sinai

about 1446 BC

God makes His covenant with Israel, gives the Ten Commandments, and dwells among them in the tabernacle.

Key verse · Exodus 20:1–3 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Exodus 20:1–17 BLB

Forty years in the wilderness

about 1446–1406 BC

Unbelief keeps a generation out of the land. God still feeds, leads and disciplines His people.

Key verse · Numbers 14:34 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Numbers 14:26–35 BLB

Joshua takes the land

about 1406 BC

Israel crosses the Jordan. Jericho falls, and Rahab and her family are spared because she trusted the Lord.

Key verse · Joshua 6:20 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Joshua 6:1–25 BLB

The judges

about 1375–1050 BC

Israel turns away, suffers, cries out, and God raises deliverers: Deborah and Barak, Gideon, Jephthah, Samson. Ruth’s story is set in these days.

Key verse · Judges 2:16 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Judges 2:16–19 BLB

Samuel

about 1105–1015 BC

Prophet, priest and last judge. He anoints Israel’s first two kings.

Key verse · 1 Samuel 3:19–20 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: 1 Samuel 3:1–21 BLB

Saul, the first king

about 1050 BC

The people ask for a king like the nations. Saul begins well but disobeys God.

Key verse · 1 Samuel 15:22 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: 1 Samuel 15:22–23 BLB

David, the shepherd king

about 1010 BC

A man after God’s own heart. God promises that his throne will last forever, a promise fulfilled in Jesus.

Key verse · 2 Samuel 7:16 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: 2 Samuel 7:12–16 BLB

Solomon and the temple

about 970–930 BC

David’s son asks for wisdom, builds the temple in Jerusalem, and later turns his heart to other gods.

Key verse · 1 Kings 8:10–11 (ESV)

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The kingdom divides

about 930 BC

Ten tribes in the north become Israel; Judah and Benjamin in the south keep David’s line in Jerusalem.

Key verse · 1 Kings 12:19–20 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: 1 Kings 12:16–20 BLB

The story continues on the next line ↓

3. Prophets, Exile, Return, and Waiting

1 Kings 17 to Malachi

Elijah and Elisha

about 860–800 BC

Elijah faces the prophets of Baal on Mount Carmel. Elisha carries on his work in the north.

Key verse · 1 Kings 18:38–39 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: 1 Kings 18:20–39 BLB

Jonah, Amos and Hosea

about 790–750 BC

God sends Jonah to Nineveh and calls Israel to repent through Amos and Hosea.

Key verse · Jonah 3:10 (ESV)

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Isaiah

about 740–700 BC

He sees the Lord high and lifted up and foretells the suffering Servant who bears our sins.

Key verse · Isaiah 53:5 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Isaiah 53:4–6 BLB

Samaria falls to Assyria

722 BC

The northern kingdom is carried away because it would not listen to the prophets.

Key verse · 2 Kings 17:6–7 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: 2 Kings 17:6–18 BLB

Hezekiah and Josiah

about 715–609 BC

Two kings of Judah lead reforms and return the people to God’s Word for a time.

Key verse · 2 Kings 22:11 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: 2 Kings 22:8–13 BLB

Jeremiah

about 627–580 BC

The weeping prophet warns Judah and promises a new covenant written on the heart.

Key verse · Jeremiah 31:33 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Jeremiah 31:31–34 BLB

Daniel taken to Babylon

605 BC

Daniel and his friends stay faithful in a foreign court. God rules over the kingdoms of men.

Key verse · Daniel 1:8 (ESV)

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Jerusalem destroyed

586 BC

Babylon burns the temple and takes Judah into exile. Lamentations mourns the city.

Key verse · 2 Kings 25:9 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: 2 Kings 25:8–12 BLB

Ezekiel in exile

about 593–571 BC

Among the exiles he sees God’s glory and the valley of dry bones brought to life.

Key verse · Ezekiel 37:4–6 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Ezekiel 37:1–14 BLB

The return

538 BC

Cyrus of Persia lets the exiles go home, as Isaiah had foretold. The temple is rebuilt by about 516 BC.

Key verse · Ezra 1:1 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Ezra 1:1–4 BLB

Esther

about 479 BC

A Jewish queen in Persia risks her life, and God, never named in the book, preserves His people.

Key verse · Esther 4:14 (ESV)

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Read the whole passage: Esther 4:12–16 BLB

Ezra and Nehemiah

about 458–432 BC

Ezra teaches the Law; Nehemiah rebuilds Jerusalem’s walls in fifty-two days.

Key verse · Nehemiah 8:8 (ESV)

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Malachi

about 430 BC

The last of the Old Testament prophets promises a messenger to prepare the way of the Lord.

Key verse · Malachi 3:1 (ESV)

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The 400 years of silence

about 430–5 BC

No new prophet speaks, but God is at work: Greek, then Roman rule, roads and a common language, and a people waiting for the Messiah.

Key verse · Galatians 4:4–5 (ESV)

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Jesus is born

about 6–4 BC

The waiting ends. The promised offspring of the woman, the son of Abraham and the son of David, is born in Bethlehem. Luke 2:1–11 BLB

The story goes on in the New Testament Reference.

Dates are approximate. From Abraham on they follow the traditional chronology found in standard study Bibles such as the ESV Study Bible. Dates before Abraham are counted straight back through the family lines in Genesis 5 and 11 (the Hebrew text), starting from Abram’s call about 2091 BC. Treat them as a rough guide: many Bible scholars believe those lists may skip generations, and the Greek Old Testament gives larger numbers. Archbishop James Ussher, counting the same way but with different dates for Abraham, arrived at 4004 BC for creation. The points are spaced for easy reading, not drawn to scale.